解决问题八步法(8-Step Problem Solving Method)

TBP(Toyota Business Practice)源自日本丰田公司面向全球汽车生产制造业务中面向全员推行的解决问题的方法。

• 第一步 明确问题 (Clarify the Problem)
  • 真正目的 (True Purpose)
  • 现状 (Current Situation)
  • 理想状态 (Ideal State)
  • 可视化（问题）(Visualize the Problem)
• 第二步 分解问题 (Break Down the Problem)
  • 分解 (Decomposition)
  • 切入点 (Point of Entry / Focus Area)
  • 优先着手解决的问题 (Prioritized Issues)
  • 流程 (Process)
  • 问题点 (Problem Points)
• 第三步 设定目标 (Set Targets)
  • 针对问题设定定量、具体、挑战性目标 (Set quantitative, specific, and challenging targets for the problem)
• 第四步 把握真因 (Grasp the Root Cause)
  • 抛弃先入为主的观点 (Abandon preconceived notions)
  • 现地现物 (Genchi Genbutsu - Go and see for yourself)
  • 反复追问为什么 (Repeatedly ask "Why?" - 5 Whys)
  • 真因 (Root Cause)
• 第五步 制定对策 (Develop Countermeasures)
  • 思考尽可能多的对策 (Brainstorm as many countermeasures as possible)
  • 附加价值 (Added Value)
  • 寻求共识 (Seek consensus)
  • 具体实施计划 (Specific implementation plan)
• 第六步 贯彻实施对策 (Implement Countermeasures Thoroughly)
  • 迅速贯彻 (Swift Implementation)
  • 回报 (Report - Hōkoku)
  • 联络 (Inform - Renraku)
  • 商谈 (Consult - Sōdan) (Ho-Ren-So)
• 第七步 评价结果和过程 (Evaluate Both Results and Process)
  • 评价结果和过程 (Evaluate results and process)
  • 用户·公司·自身立场 (From the perspective of the customer, company, and self)
• 第八步 巩固成果 (Standardize Successes and Learn from Failures)
  • 标准化 (Standardization)
  • 推广 (Yokoten - Horizontal deployment/sharing of best practices)
  • 改善 (Kaizen - Continuous Improvement)

TBP基本意识(TBP Basic Consciousness)

• 用户至上 (Customer First)
• 经常自问自答“为了什么” (Constantly ask "For what purpose?")
• 当事者意识 (Ownership / Responsibility)
• 可视化 (Visualization)
• 依据现场和事实进行判断 (Make judgments based on facts and on-site observation - Genchi Genbutsu)
• 彻底的思考和执行 (Thorough thinking and execution)
• 速度·时机 (Speed and Timing)
• 诚实·正直(实事求是) (Honesty and Integrity - Factual and truthful)
• 实现彻底的沟通 (Ensure thorough communication)
• 全员参与 (Total employee involvement / All members participate)